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- $Unique_ID{BRK03858}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{I-Cell disease}
- $Subject{I-Cell disease Inclusion Cell Disease Leroy Disease Mucolipidosis II
- ML II ML Disorder }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 304:
- I-Cell disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (I-Cell disease) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Inclusion Cell Disease
- Leroy Disease
- Mucolipidosis II
- ML II
- ML Disorder
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- The Mucolipidoses are a family of hereditary disorders in which enzyme
- deficiencies cause both complex carbohydrates (mucopolysaccharides) and
- certain fatty substances (mucolipids) to accumulate in body tissues without
- excess mucopolysaccharides in the urine. (For more information, choose "ML
- Disorder" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- I-Cell disease (Mucolipidosis II) is an autosomal recessive hereditary
- disorder characterized by markedly elevated levels of a variety of lysosomal
- enzymes in serum, urine, and spinal fluid. This metabolic disorder causes
- facial and skeletal abnormalities with retardation of physical and mental
- development. The physical involvement is similar to MPS I (Hurler syndrome),
- but usually occurs earlier and is more severe. (For more information, choose
- "Hurler" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of I-Cell disease is usually quite early in life. Most patients have
- had obvious problems by 6-10 months of age. Children with I-Cell disease
- manifest coarse facial features such as a depressed nasal bridge, a long and
- narrow head, excessive hair growth, and a low forehead. Other symptoms that
- may occur are severe skeletal changes including curvature of the spine
- (kyphoscoliosis), a lumbar hump (gibbus), anterior "beaking" and wedging of
- vertebral bodies, widening of the ribs, and proximal pointing of the long
- bones in the hand (metacarpals).
-
- Retardation of physical development and mental retardation are common.
- Severe orthopedic problems may also occur.
-
- Frequent respiratory infections and severe joint contractures are often
- major clinical problems. Opacities of the cornea of the eye are frequently
- observed. A striking increase of the gum tissue (gingival hyperplasia) is
- usually present.
-
- In contrast to the Mucopolysaccharidoses, increased urinary excretion of
- glycosaminoglycans has not been observed.
-
- Causes
-
- I-Cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder which causes a
- variety of lysosomal enzymes to be deficient in the cells of the body, but to
- be strikingly elevated in the blood. (Human traits including the classic
- genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that
- condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene
- and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease,
- but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to
- the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder,
- is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers,
- but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Onset of symptoms of I-Cell disease usually occurs before 6-10 months of age.
- Females are affected as often as males. Siblings of patients have a 1 in 4
- chance of being affected.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The Mucopolysaccharidoses are characterized by facial features similar to
- those of I-Cell disease, by excessive urinary mucopolysaccharide excretion,
- irregular skeletal development, corneal clouding or opacity, abnormal
- enlargement of liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), and sometimes mental
- retardation.
-
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy (Mucolipidosis type III) is a milder form of
- I-Cell disease.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- I-Cell disease can be detected prenatally. Genetic counseling is advised for
- families with this disorder. Treatment of children affected by the disorder
- is symptomatic and supportive. Antibiotics are often prescribed for
- respiratory infections and orthopedic complications are treated to correct
- specific symptoms.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Since prenatal diagnosis is now possible through amniocentesis and sampling
- of a tissue layer in the embryo (chorionic villus sampling), new treatments
- aimed at checking early development of I-Cell Disease are now being studied.
- One method involves replacing defective enzymes via enzyme replacement
- therapy and/or bone marrow transplants. Scientific study of gene replacement
- in animal models raises the hope that gene replacement therapy may some day
- be made available to people with genetic disorders such as I-Cell Disease.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on I-Cell Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- MPS (Mucopolysaccharidoses) Research Funding Center, Inc.
- 1215 Maxfield Road
- Hartland, MI 48029
- (313) 363-4412
-
- The MPS Society, Inc.
- 17 Kramer Street
- Hicksville, NY 11801
- (516) 931-6338
-
- Society of Mucopolysaccharide Diseases, Inc.
- 382 Parkway Blvd.
- Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada R8A OK4
-
- Society of MPS Diseases
- 30 Westwood Drive
- Little Chalfont, Bucks, England
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS COMPENDIUM, 2nd ed.: Daniel Bergsma, ed; March of Dimes, 1979.
- P. 725.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 6th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1983. Pp. 833-834.
-
-